Configuration sub-system for telecommunication systems

ABSTRACT

Certain aspects are directed to a configuration sub-system for telecommunication systems. The configuration sub-system can include a test signal generator, a power measurement device, at least one additional power measurement device, and a controller. The test signal generator can be integrated into components of a telecommunication system. The test signal generator can provide a test signal to a signal path of the telecommunication system. The power measurement device and the additional power measurement device can respectively be integrated into different components of the telecommunication system. The power measurement device and the additional power measurement device can respectively measure the power of the test signal at different measurement points in the signal path. The controller can normalize signals transmitted via the telecommunication system by adjusting a path gain for the signal path based on measurements from the power measurement device and the additional power measurement device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/448,080, filed Jul. 31, 2014 and titled “Configuration Sub-System forTelecommunication Systems,” which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/621,504, filed Sep. 17, 2012 and titled“Configuration Sub-System for Distributed Antenna Systems,” which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/535,060, filed Sep.15, 2011 and titled “Configuration Sub-System for Distributed AntennaSystems,” the contents of all of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to telecommunications and moreparticularly (although not necessarily exclusively) to a configurationsub-system for a distributed antenna system or other telecommunicationsystem.

BACKGROUND

A telecommunication system, such as a distributed antenna system (“DAS”)servicing one or more coverage areas, can involve different frequencybands and technologies being used by multiple operators to providetelecommunications service. These factors can increase the complexity ofcommissioning, analyzing, and automating the operation of a DAS or othertelecommunication system. Commissioning a DAS or other telecommunicationsystem can include installing, configuring, and calibrating thecomponents of the DAS or other telecommunication system. Analyzing a DASor other telecommunication system can include identifying sources ofinterference with signals communicated via the DAS or othertelecommunication system. A non-limiting example of such interferencecan include passive intermodulation (“PIM”) products. Automating theoperation of a DAS or other telecommunication system can includeautomatically normalizing power levels for signals communicated via theDAS or other telecommunication system such that signals are radiated incoverage areas or provided to base stations at specified power levels.

Current solutions for analyzing, and automating the operation of a DASor other telecommunication system can involve greater expenditures oftime and resources, as well as increased likelihood of error. Forexample, commissioning a DAS can involve manually measuring the power ofa signal at various points along the network and making manualadjustments to normalize, relative to one another, the losses betweenthe same signals going to the same remote antenna unit.

Systems and methods that can reduce the complexity of commissioning,analyzing, and automating the operation of a DAS or othertelecommunication system are therefore desirable.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a configuration sub-system is provided. The configurationsub-system can include a test signal generator, a power measurementdevice, at least one additional power measurement device, and acontroller. The test signal generator can be integrated into one or morecomponents of a telecommunication system. The test signal generator canprovide a test signal to a signal path of the telecommunication system.The power measurement device can be integrated into a component of thetelecommunication system. The power measurement device can measure thepower of the test signal (or any other service signal) at a measurementpoint in the signal path traversed by the test signal. The additionalpower measurement device can be integrated into an additional componentof the telecommunication system. The additional power measurement devicecan measure the power of the test signal (or any other service signal)at an additional measurement point in the signal path traversed by thetest signal (or any other service signal). The controller can normalizesignals transmitted via the telecommunication system by adjusting a pathgain for the signal path based on measurements from the powermeasurement device and the additional power measurement device.

In another aspect, a method is provided. The method involves aconfiguration sub-system providing a test signal to a signal path in atelecommunication system. The method also involves the configurationsub-system receiving a power measurement for the test signal (or anyother service signal) at two or more measurement points in the signalpath. The method also involves the configuration sub-system normalizingsignals transmitted via the telecommunication system by adjusting a pathgain for the signal path based on power measurements at the two or moremeasurement points.

In another aspect, a distributed antenna system is provided. Thedistributed antenna system can include a test signal generator disposedin a base station router and a controller disposed in the base stationrouter. The test signal generator can provide a respective test signalto each of multiple signal paths of the distributed antenna system. Eachof the signal paths can include a power measurement device integratedinto a unit of the respective signal path and at least one additionalpower measurement device integrated into at least one additionalcomponent of the respective signal path. The power measurement devicecan measure the power of the test signal (or any other service signal)at a measurement point in the respective signal path traversed by thetest signal. The additional power measurement device can measure thepower of the test signal (or any other service signal) at an additionalmeasurement point in the respective signal path traversed by the testsignal. The controller can normalize signals transmitted via thedistributed antenna system by adjusting a path gain for each signal pathbased on power measurements from the power measurement device and theadditional power measurement device.

In another aspect, a configuration sub-system is provided. Theconfiguration sub-system includes a test signal generator, anidentification signal module, and a controller. The test signalgenerator is integrated into one or more components of atelecommunication system. The test signal generator is configured toprovide a test signal to a signal path of the telecommunication system.The identification signal module is configured to provide anidentification signal with the test signal. The identification signalidentifies a device from which the identification signal originated. Thecontroller is configured to receive a report from each component in thesignal path indicating receipt of the identification signal. Thecontroller is also configured to identify each component of the signalpath reporting receipt of the identification signal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a base station coupled to atelecommunication system that has a configuration sub-system accordingto one aspect.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a telecommunication system in which aconfiguration sub-system can be disposed according to one aspect.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a configuration sub-system disposed in abase station router and a sector matrix according to one aspect.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a configuration sub-system disposed in anoptical transceiver and remote antenna unit according to one aspect.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a process for normalizing signalscommunicated via a telecommunication system using a configurationsub-system according to one aspect.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an alternative process fornormalizing signals communicated via a telecommunication system using aconfiguration sub-system according to one aspect.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a controller for a schematic diagram of atelecommunication system according to one aspect.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a process for generating a schematicdiagram of a telecommunication system using an identification signalgenerated by a configuration sub-system according to one aspect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain aspects and examples are directed to a configuration sub-systemthat can be disposed in a DAS or other telecommunication system, such asa repeater system. Certain aspects can normalize signals transmitted bya telecommunication system by adjusting a path gain for the signal pathbased on measurements from devices that have measured a test signal (orany other service signal) at measurement points in the signal path. Theconfiguration sub-system can include one or more devices for preparingsectors for distribution to one or more coverage zones of the DAS orother telecommunication system. A DAS or other telecommunication systemcan include a downlink path for communicating downlink signals from anRF source (such as, but not limited to, a base station or repeater) to aremote antenna unit for radiation to a wireless device in a coveragearea serviced by the remote antenna unit and an uplink path forcommunicating uplink signals recovered by a remote antenna unit to an RFreceiver (such as, but not limited to, a base station or repeater).

A coverage zone can include a geographic area to which signal coverageis provided via a DAS or other telecommunication system. For example, ina DAS, a coverage zone can be assigned to multiple remote antenna units,each distributing the same RF signals. The RF signals distributed by theremote antenna units can be combined signals using multipletechnologies, frequency bands, and operators. A sector can include oneor more telecommunication channels to be radiated to mobile devices incoverage zones or otherwise distributed to the coverage zones, therebyproviding telecommunication capacity in the coverage zones.

Non-limiting examples of preparing sectors for distribution to one ormore coverage zones can include conditioning signals received from RFsources (such as, but not limited to, base stations or repeaters),combining signals received from multiple RF sources (such as, but notlimited to, base stations or repeaters) from the same or multipledifferent operators, mapping sectors to coverage zones, mapping coveragezones to communication devices in communication with remote antennaunits from one or more coverage zones, and the like. Conditioningsignals received from RF sources (such as, but not limited to, basestations or repeaters) can include adjusting power levels of the signalssuch that a telecommunication system can communicate the signals withdifferent coverage zones. Combining signals received from multiple fromRF sources (such as, but not limited to, base stations or repeaters) caninclude combining signals transmitted via different technologies withina common frequency band and/or combining signals from differentfrequency bands for transmission to a common coverage zone. Mappingcoverage zones to communication devices can include mapping coveragezones to remote antenna units and/or master units of a DAS. Preparingsectors for distribution to one or more coverage zones can also includecombining sectors from each operator.

The configuration sub-system of a DAS or other telecommunication systemcan include an intelligent point of interface (“I-POI”) system. A POIsystem can include a device or group of devices configured to interfacedirectly with RF sources (such as, but not limited to, base stations orrepeaters) or a group of RF sources. Such devices can include (but arenot limited to) a signal leveler, a signal attenuator, a signalsplitter, a signal combiner, a receive-and-transmit signal combiner, asplitter, a multiplexer, a test-tone generator, an RF power detector, anRF signal tagging mechanism, and the like. An i-POI system can providean intelligent interface for communicating with the RF source or groupof RF sources. Providing an intelligent interface can includecontrolling the leveling or attenuation based on the RF source signalconditions. An intelligent interface can also include analyzing incomingsignals and determination of system level parameters based on theanalysis. An intelligent interface can also assign a mark, a tag, orother identifier to any RF signal feed from an external RF source. Themark, tag, or other identifier can be traced or read by variouscomponents, modules or other devices communicating the RF signal. Theroute of each RF signal communicated via the DAS (or othertelecommunication system) can be traced end-to-end or on any sub-leg.The route of each RF signal can be used for multiple purposes such as,but not limited to, assisting in signal cabling, generating a networkschematic, generating a signal/block diagram, and/or mapping alarms andperformance data to the referenced signal and services. A non-limitingexample of an i-POI system is a base station router including circuitryfor conditioning signals and duplexing signals communicated via a DAS orother telecommunication system.

The configuration sub-system of a DAS or other telecommunication systemcan also include one or more devices providing frequency band combiningand mapping of sectors to coverage zones, such as a sector matrix thatincludes matrix switches configurable via software. The configurationsub-system can also include one or more devices providing operatorcombining and zone mapping, such as (but not limited to) a zonecombiner.

The configuration sub-system can normalize power levels and/or noiselevels for signals communicated via a DAS or other telecommunicationsystem. Normalizing signals can include adjusting the respective gainsof signal paths traversed by signals such that downlink signals areradiated by remote antenna units at specified power levels. Normalizingsignals can also include adjusting the respective gains of signal pathstraversed by signals such that uplink signals are provided to basestations at specified noise levels.

A non-limiting example of a configuration sub-system can include asystem controller, one or more test signal generators, and one or morepower measurement devices. In some aspects, the test signal generatorscan be integrated within or otherwise disposed in one or more devices ofa DAS or other telecommunication system, such as (but not limited to)base station routers and remote antenna units. Integrating test signalgenerators or other devices in the DAS or other telecommunicationssystem can include disposing test signal generators or other devices tobe enclosed within one or more communication devices of thetelecommunication system. In other aspects, the test signal generatorscan be separate devices configured to inject test signals at one or morepoints of a DAS or other telecommunication system. The power measurementdevices can be disposed in measurement points in a DAS or othertelecommunication system, such as base station routers, opticaltransceivers, and remote antenna units. The system controller canreceive data from other components describing the configuration andoperation of the DAS or other telecommunication system. The systemcontroller can also control other components using control signalscommunicated via the control path.

The test signal generator disposed in the base station router or otherPOI system can provide test signals to one or more signal paths of theDAS or other telecommunication system, such as the downlink paths oruplink paths. Power measurement devices can measure the power of thetest signal at different measurement points in the signal paths. Forexample, in a downlink direction, power measurement devices disposed inan optical transceiver and a remote antenna unit of each downlink pathcan measure the power of the test signal (or any other service signal)at one or more measurement points in each of the optical transceiver andthe remote antenna unit. In an uplink direction, power measurementdevices disposed in an optical transceiver and a base station router orother POI system can measure the signal level of a test signal (or anyother service signal) generated at any point in the uplink path at oneor more measurement points in each of the optical transceiver and thebase station router or other POI system. The system controller canconfigure adjustable attenuators disposed in one or more components ofthe signal path (e.g., optical transceivers, sector matrices, remoteantenna units) to adjust the signal path gains based on the measurementsfrom the power measurement devices, thereby normalizing power levels ofthe downlink signals and/or noise levels of the uplink signals. The pathgain can be adjusted based on one or more of a signal level of the testsignal and/or the noise level of the test signal.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system cangenerate a network schematic for a DAS or other telecommunicationsystem. To generate the network schematic, the configuration sub-systemcan provide an identification signal (such as, but not limited to, anRF-Tag) with a signal communicated via the telecommunication system. Theidentification signal can be identified by a particular device and port,such as (but not limited to) a base station router, as the origin of thesignal. Each component in a signal path (e.g., each optical transceiver,splitter, and remote antenna unit) can decode the identification signal,report to the system controller that the component has received theidentification signal, report to the system controller the route throughwhich the signal is travelling through the component, and identify thecomponent to the system controller. The system controller can determine,based on the reports, which components are included in a signal path andthe connections between the components. The system controller canthereby generate a network schematic diagram and/or a net-listdescribing the connectivity of the DAS or other telecommunicationsystem. The system controller can also verify whether the actualconfiguration and cabling of the DAS or other telecommunication systemis in accordance with a desired configuration and cabling provided tothe system controller. The system controller can also use anidentification signal (such as, but not limited to, an RF-Tag) tomonitor and report a break in the cabling, a change to the cabling, orother manipulation of the cabling.

The system controller can compare the network schematic or net-listautomatically generated using one or more identification signals with auser-generated network schematic or net-list provided as input to thesystem controller to identify faults in the system, such as cablingerrors or malfunctioning components. In additional or alternativeaspects, the system controller can generate a cabling instructionalinterface from a network schematic. The cabling instructional interfacecan include step-by-step instructions for installing cables betweendevices in the DAS or other telecommunication system. The cablinginstruction can also use visual and/or acoustical indicators on theplatform or module to guide the user though the cabling (cable forsignal source to signal termination) on a step-by-step basis.

In additional or alternative aspects, generating the network schematiccan also include correlating system components with a specific operator,frequency band, technology, sector, and coverage area. The systemcontroller can use the correlation to distribute relevant alarms to aspecific operator, to indicate affected services and coverage areacaused by an alarm, and to reconfigure remote antenna units surroundingan affected coverage area to mitigate the loss of service identified bythe alarm. In some aspects, service-level alarming can be based at leastin part on the identification signal (RF-Tag). Each identificationsignal can include a unique identifier. The system controller or otherintelligence in a telecommunication system can determine that the uniqueidentifier is associated with respective alarms and components ormodules. The system controller can develop correlations between analarm, a signal identifier and service, a sector, and/or an operator.Alarms can thus be filtered based on any of the criteria included in thecorrelation. For example, an alarm may be operator-selective orservice-selective. In additional or alternative aspects, the systemcontroller or other intelligence can identify multiple alarms withrespect to the same signal path and determine a root cause for themultiple alarms. The system controller also provide additionalinformation for trouble shooting.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system canmeasure PIM products generated by the undesirable mixing of signals inthe DAS. In some aspects, the configuration sub-system can include atest signal generator. The test signal generator can provide two testsignals to the downlink path. The frequencies of the test signals can beselected such that the mixing of the signals generates one or more PIMproducts. For example, the configuration sub-system can use test signalsgenerating PIM products at frequencies in the uplink frequency bands. Inother aspects, test signal generators from each of two devices in a DASor other telecommunication system can provide test signals to a downlinkpath to simulate different combinations of PIM products at frequenciesin different frequency bands. The power measurement devices in thedownlink path and/or the uplink path can detect and measure the power ofany PIM products generated by the mixing of the test signals atnon-linear interfaces within the DAS.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system canminimize the overlap in signal coverage (i.e., the “soft handover area”)between sectors in a coverage zone. A test signal generator in atelecommunication system can transmit a test signal to be radiated by aremote antenna unit of the telecommunication system. The test signalgenerator in a telecommunication system can be disposed in the remoteantenna unit or in another component of the telecommunication system.The overlap in signal coverage between adjacent remote antenna units canbe determined by measuring the received signal strength of the testsignal at adjacent remote antenna units. The received signal strengthcan be measured using the power measurement device at each remoteantenna unit. The system controller can receive the power measurementsfrom the remote antenna units. The system controller can configure theremote antenna units to adjust their respective output powers based onan algorithm to minimize the overlap in signal coverage.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system caninclude one or more devices for measuring the power of extraneous orother external signals in coverage zone. Measuring the power ofextraneous or other external signals in coverage zones can provideadditional information for optimizing output power levels of one or moreremote antenna units provide signal coverage in a coverage zone. Forexample, output power can be reduced based on measurements of low signalpower associated with extraneous signals in a coverage zone.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system caninclude one or more devices for measuring signal quality data forsignals communicated via the DAS or other communication system. Signalquality data can include data describing one or more characteristics ofsignal paths such as (but not limited to) signal latency, serviceresponse time, loss, signal-to-noise ratio (“SNR”), carrier-to-noiseratio (“CNR”) cross-talk, echo, interrupts, frequency response, loudnesslevels. Signal quality data can be used to optimize or otherwise modifyuplink and downlink gains. For example, a noise floor can be biased infavor of one remote antenna unit over other remote antenna units toprovide a higher CNR for a given operator.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system caninclude one or more test signal generators configured to generate testsignals for each service-signal on the system. The test signals can betransmitted to one or more remote antenna units via the same signal pathas a corresponding service signal. A portable measurement receiver canidentify which remote antenna units are radiating respectiveservice-signals. A non-limiting example of a test signal is a codedsignal modeling a signal from an RF source, such as a base station. Thecoded test signal can include identifiers for a base station and asector. Standard receiver devices can read, decode, and display theidentifiers, thereby allowing for verification of sectorization.

In additional or alternative aspects, a test signal generator canprovide a test signal (coded or non-coded) to verify signal quality andintegrity throughout an entire signal path and/or at one or morecomponent of the signal path. The system controller can verify signalquality based on characteristics of the test signals communicated viathe DAS or other communication system.

Detailed descriptions of certain examples are discussed below. Theseillustrative examples are given to introduce the reader to the generalsubject matter discussed here and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe disclosed concepts. The following sections describe variousadditional aspects and examples with reference to the drawings in whichlike numerals indicate like elements, and directional descriptions areused to describe the illustrative examples but, like the illustrativeexamples, should not be used to limit the present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a configuration sub-system 13 disposed in atelecommunication system 10 in communication with a base station 12. Thetelecommunication system 10 in FIG. 1 also includes a downlink path 14and an uplink path 16. Uplink signals from different remote antennaunits can be combined at an optical transceiver or other master unit.The configuration sub-system 13 can perform system leveling andcompensation for signal losses in each component of thetelecommunication system 10. The configuration sub-system 13 can alsogenerate a network schematic of the telecommunication system 10 andidentify configuration faults in the telecommunication system 10 (e.g.,cabling errors and malfunctioning components) using the generatednetwork schematic.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary telecommunication system 10. A non-limitingexample of a telecommunication system 10 is a DAS. The telecommunicationsystem 10 can include base station routers 112 a-n in communication withbase stations 12 a-n and a sector matrix 114. The telecommunicationsystem 10 can also include the optical transceivers 118 a-d incommunication with the zone combiners 116 a, 116 b and the remoteantenna units 120 a-h. The telecommunication system 10 can be positionedin an area to extend wireless communication coverage.

In the direction of a downlink path 14, the telecommunication system 10can receive signals from the base stations 12 a-n via a wired orwireless communication medium. Downlink signals can be received by thebase station routers 112 a-n. Downlink signals are signals atfrequencies in a downlink frequency band provided from a base station toa remote antenna unit for radiation to wireless devices. A base stationrouter can include one or more components in communication with carriersystems, such as the base stations of cellular service providers. Anon-limiting example of a base station router can include an intelligentbase transceiver station (“BTS”) router. The base station routers 112a-n can intelligently interface signals between the base stations 12 a-nand the other components of the telecommunication system 10. The basestation routers 112 a-n can provide the downlink signals to the opticaltransceivers 118 a-d via the sector matrix 114 and the zone combiners116 a, 116 b.

The sector matrix 114 can combine signals at frequencies in differentfrequency bands to be provided to a common coverage zone and can combinesignals communicated using different technologies within a commonfrequency band. The sector matrix 114 can map sectors to coverage zonesusing a switch matrix. A coverage zone can be a specific coverage areaassigned to one or more remote antenna units. Each remote antenna unitin a coverage zone can receive and radiate the same downlink signal. Asector can represent an amount of telecommunication capacity that can beallocated to wireless devices in one or more coverage zones. A sectorcan include one or more analog RF channels or digital signalsrepresenting RF channels, signals in one or more analog or digital RFbands, and/or one or more multiple-input and multiple-output (“MIMO”)data streams. The switch matrix can be configured via software,obviating the need to modify the mapping of sectors to coverage zonesvia physical hardware changes.

The sector matrix 114 can also perform intra-band combining andinter-band combining of downlink signals. Intra-band combining caninclude combining signals transmitted via different technologies withina common frequency band. Inter-band combining can also include combiningsignals from different frequency bands for transmission to a commoncoverage zone.

In additional or alternative aspects, the sector matrix 114 can beomitted. A splitter/combiner of the distributed antenna system having avariable attenuator can be used to perform one or more functions of thesector matrix 114.

The zone combiners 116 a, 116 b can combine signals from differentoperators to be provided to a common coverage zone. An operator can be atelecommunication provider that provides signals to the DAS via one ormore base stations 12 a-n. Each operator can independently configuresectors associated with the operator according to the capacity needs ofthe operator and the number of coverage zones provided by the DAS. Thezone combiners 116 a, 116 b can also map coverage zones to opticaltransceivers.

The zone combiners 116 a, 116 b can also map sectors to coverage zones.In some aspects, a one-to-one mapping of sectors to coverage zones canbe used. In other aspects, a single sector can be mapped to multiplecoverage zones. Different operators communicating via atelecommunication system can independently configure sectors associatedwith the operator according to capacity needs and constraints of thenumber of coverage zones of the telecommunication system.

The optical transceivers 118 a-d can communicate with the zone combiners116 a, 116 b via any communication medium capable of carrying signalsbetween the zone combiners 116 a, 116 b and the optical transceivers 118a-d. Non-limiting examples of a suitable communication medium includecopper wire (such as a coaxial cable), optical fiber, and microwave oroptical link.

The optical transceivers 118 a-d can provide downlink signals to andreceive uplink signals from the remote antenna units 120 a-h. Uplinksignals are signals at frequencies in an uplink frequency band that arerecovered by a remote antenna from wireless devices. Uplink signals caninclude signals received from wireless devices in the coverage zonesserviced by the remote antenna units 120 a-h. The remote antenna units120 a-h can communicate with the optical transceivers 118 a-d via anycommunication medium capable of communicating signals between theoptical transceivers 118 a-d and the remote antenna units 120 a-h.Non-limiting examples of a suitable communication medium include opticalfiber optical link. The remote antenna units 120 a-h can radiate thesignals of the sector(s) distributed to the coverage zones servicing aphysical area. In some aspects, a remote antenna unit can providedownlink signals to one or more antennas via a cable, such as a coaxialcable, and a power divider.

Although FIG. 2 depicts optical transceivers in communication withremote antenna units, any suitable communication device can communicatesignals to the remote antenna units 120 a-h. For example, other masterunits can communicate with the remote antenna units 120 a-h viacommunication media such as (but not limited to) copper wire (such as acoaxial cable) and microwave links.

In the direction of an uplink path 16, the base station routers 112 a-ncan receive uplink signals from remote antenna units 120 a-h via theoptical transceivers 118 a-d, the zone combiners 116 a, 116 b, and thesector matrix 114.

Although FIG. 2 depicts a telecommunication system 10 having two zonecombiners 116 a, 116 b, four optical transceivers 118 a-d, and eightremote antenna units 120 a-h, a telecommunication system 10 can includeany number of zone combiners, optical transceivers, and/or remoteantenna units. Although FIG. 2 depicts each of the optical transceivers118 a-d communicating with two remote antenna units, an opticaltransceiver can communicate with any number of remote antenna units(including one).

A configuration sub-system 13 can be disposed in the telecommunicationsystem 10 depicted in FIG. 2. One or more components of theconfiguration sub-system 13 can be disposed in one or more of thecomponents of the telecommunication system 10. For example, FIG. 3depicts an aspect of a base station router 112 and a sector matrix 114in which a configuration sub-system 13 can be disposed. The base stationrouter 112 can include components of the configuration sub-system 13such as a duplexing module 202, a conditioning module 204, a test signalgenerator 206, a processor 208, a controller interface 210, a powermeasurement device 214, and an identification signal module 216. Thesector matrix 114 can include components of the configuration sub-system13 such as a controller interface 218, a processor 220, and attenuators222 a, 222 b. Although the base station router 112 is depicted as havinga single downlink path 14 and a single uplink path 16, the base stationrouter 112 can include any number of uplink and downlink paths,including one of each.

The configuration sub-system 13 can also include a system controller 212that can communicate with and control all components of theconfiguration sub-system 13 in the telecommunication system 10. The basestation router 112 can communicate with the system controller 212 viathe controller interface 210. The sector matrix 114 can communicate withthe system controller 212 via the controller interface 218. Non-limitingexamples of a controller interface can include a modem or Ethernetinterface. The system controller 212 can configure the components of theconfiguration sub-system 13. An example of a system controller 212 is aPeripheral Interface Controller (“PIC”). The system controller 212 cancommunicate with components of the configuration sub-system 13 disposedelsewhere in the telecommunication system 10 (e.g., in the opticaltransceivers, the remote antenna units, etc.) via a control path. Thecontrol path can be any communication medium suitable for wired orwireless communication between components of the configurationsub-system 13. Non-limiting examples of a suitable communication mediuminclude copper wire (such as a coaxial cable), optical fiber, andmicrowave or optical link. The system controller 212 can configurecomponents of the configuration sub-system 13 using control signalscommunicated via the control path.

The duplexing module 202 can provide a common port connecting thedownlink path 14 and uplink path 16. Duplexing module 202 can include,for example, one or more splitter-combiners or duplexers. The duplexingmodule 202 can receive signals from a base station and split thedownlink signals to be transmitted from the uplink signals to beprovided to the base station. The duplexing module 202 can providedownlink signals to downlink path 14. The duplexing module 202 canreceive uplink signals from the conditioning module 204.

The conditioning module 204 can condition downlink signals received froma base station and uplink signals provided to a base station.Conditioning signals received from base stations can include adjustingpower levels of the signals such that a telecommunication system cancommunicate the signals with different coverage zones. For example,conditioning downlink signals can include attenuating the power ofdownlink signals received from one or more of the base stations 12 a-n.Conditioning uplink signals can include amplifying or attenuating thepower of uplink signals provided to one or more of the base stations 12a-n. The conditioning module 204 can include one or more attenuatorsand/or one or more amplifiers. Conditioning downlink signals and/oruplink signals can provide an auto-leveling feature for theconfiguration sub-system 13. In some aspects, signals may be de-duplexedor otherwise separated to provide separate signal paths for the downlinksignals and uplink signals communicated via the DAS or othertelecommunication system.

The base station router 112 can also include the identification signalmodule 216. The identification signal module 216 can be disposed in oneor more devices in the telecommunication system 10. The identificationsignal module 305 is coupled to the downlink path 14 via low/high pathfilter 224 a and coupled to the uplink path 16 via low/high path filter224 b. The identification signal module 216 can be disposed in one ormore of the base station routers 112 a-n, as depicted in FIG. 3. Inadditional or alternative aspects, identification signal modules can bedisposed in one or more of the optical transceivers 118 a-d, asdescribed below with respect to FIG. 4. The processor 208 can configurethe identification signal module 216 to add an identification signal toeach unique signal communicated via the telecommunication system 10,such as (but not limited to) unique downlink signals received from eachbase station or unique uplink signals communicated via each opticaltransceiver.

In some aspects, the identification signal module 216 can include asignal generator and combiner, such as (but not limited to) a summer,for generating the identification signal and combining theidentification signal with downlink signals traversing the downlink path14. In some aspects, the identification signal can be a tone having alow frequency, such as 1-5 kHz. In other aspects, the identificationsignal can be encoded and transmitted at a frequency not used by anyoperator communicating signals via the telecommunication system 10. Theidentification signal can identify that a downlink signal was providedto a downlink path from the specific base station router 112. Forexample, an identification signal can include a unique hardwareidentifier for a base station router 112 generating the identificationsignal.

The test signal generator 206 can provide test signals for normalizingdownlink signals traversing the downlink path 14. The test signalgenerator 206 can provide a test signal to the downlink path 14 via acoupler. The test signal generator 206 can be, for example, an analogsignal generator capable of producing continuous wave tones. The testsignal generator 206 can be configured by the processor 208. Theprocessor 208 can be, for example, a PIC. The processor 208 can receivecontrol signals from the system controller 212 via the controllerinterface 210. The control signals can specify the frequency and powerof the test signal.

The power measurement device 214 can measure the power level of a signaltraversing the downlink path 14 via a coupler. In the uplink path 16,the power measurement device 214 can measure the signal level of testsignals used to normalize uplink signals traversing the uplink path 16and/or measure the noise level of uplink signals traversing the uplinkpath 16 via a coupler or switch. An example of a power measurementdevice 214 is a received signal strength indicator (“RSSI”) detector.

The attenuators 222 a, 222 b of the sector matrix 114 can respectivelyattenuate downlink signals traversing the downlink path 14 and/or uplinksignals traversing the uplink path 16. The amount of attenuation byattenuator attenuators 222 a, 222 b can be controlled by the processor220 in response to control signals received from the system controller212 via the controller interface 218.

Although FIG. 3 depicts the base station router 112 having theconditioning module 204, the test signal generator 206, the powermeasurement device 214, and the identification signal module 216, otherconfigurations are possible. In additional or alternative aspects, oneor more of the conditioning module 204, the test signal generator 206,the power measurement device 214, and the identification signal module216 can be included in the sector matrix 114.

The configuration sub-system 13 can also be disposed in one or moreother components of the telecommunication system 10. For example, FIG. 4depicts an aspect of the configuration sub-system 13 disposed in anoptical transceiver 118 and a remote antenna unit 120. Components of theconfiguration sub-system 13 disposed in the optical transceiver 118 caninclude the power measurement device 302, the processor 304, theidentification signal module 305, the controller interface 306, and theattenuators 324 a, 324 b. Components of the configuration sub-system 13disposed in the remote antenna unit 120 can include the powermeasurement device 308, the processor 310, the controller interface 312,the test signal generator 314, and the attenuators 324 c, 324 d. Theremote antenna unit 120 can also include the power amplifier 316, theisolation sub-system 318, the low noise amplifier 320, and an antenna322. In additional or alternative aspects, the attenuator 324 c can beincluded in the power amplifier 316. In additional or alternativeaspects, the attenuator 324 d can be included in an optical module ofthe remote antenna unit 120.

The remote antenna unit 120 can receive downlink signals via thedownlink path 14 and provide uplink signals via the uplink path 16. Theisolation sub-system 318 can isolate downlink signals traversing thedownlink path 14 and transmitted via the antenna 322 from uplink signalstraversing the uplink path 16 and recovered via the antenna 322. Theisolation sub-system 318 can be, for example, a duplexer.

In a downlink direction, the power measurement devices 302, 308 canmeasure the power of test signals used to normalize downlink signalstraversing the downlink path 14. The power measurement devices 302, 308can measure the power of a downlink test signal provided by the testsignal generator 206. The power measurement device 302 can measure thepower of the downlink test signal at the input of the opticaltransceiver 118. The power measurement device 302 can provide the powermeasurement to the processor 304. The processor 304 can communicate thepower measurement to the system controller 212 via the controllerinterface 306. The power measurement device 308 can measure the power ofthe test signal via a coupler positioned at the output of the poweramplifier 316 of the remote antenna unit 120. In some aspects, the powermeasurement device 308 can also measure the power of the test signal viaa coupler positioned at the antenna port of the isolation sub-system318, as depicted in FIG. 4. In other aspects, an additional powermeasurement device can also measure the power of the test signal via acoupler positioned at the antenna port of the isolation sub-system 318.The power measurement device 308 can provide the power measurement tothe processor 310. The processor 310 can communicate the powermeasurement to the system controller 212 via the controller interface312.

The processor 304 can configure the identification signal module 305 tomeasure the identification signals which are transmitted byidentification signal module 216 via the uplink path 16 and downlinkpath 14. The identification signal module 305 is coupled to the downlinkpath 14 via low/high path filter 328 a and coupled to the uplink path 16via low/high path filter 328 b. Aspects of the identification signalmodule 305 can include a signal receiver and splitter for receiving theidentification signal and splitting the identification signal fromdownlink signals traversing the downlink path 14 or uplink signalstraversing the uplink path 16. In some aspects, the identificationsignal can be a tone having a low frequency, such as 1-5 kHz. In otheraspects, the identification signal can be encoded and transmitted at afrequency not used by any operator communicating signals via thetelecommunication system 10. The identification signal can identify thatan uplink signal was provided to an uplink path from a specific opticaltransceiver 118. For example, an identification signal can include aunique hardware identifier for an optical transceiver 118 generating theidentification signal.

The test signal generator 314 can provide test signals for normalizinguplink signals traversing the uplink path 16. The test signal generator314 can provide an input test signal to the uplink path 16 via a couplerat an uplink input to the isolation sub-system 318. The test signalgenerator 314 can be, for example, an analog signal generator capable ofproducing continuous wave tones. The test signal generator 314 can beconfigured by the processor 310. The processor 310 can configure thetest signal generator 314 to increase the power and/or change thefrequency of the input test signal in response to control signalsreceived from the system controller 212 communicated via the controllerinterface 312.

In some aspects, a digital signal generator and measurement receiver(“dSMR”) 330, can be coupled to each optical transceiver 118 via aswitch matrix 332. The switch matrix 332 can be coupled to the downlinkpath 14 and the uplink path 16 via non-directional probes. The dSMR 330can include a continuous wave generator, a demodulation function, and adecoding function. The system controller 212 can be communicativelycoupled to the dSMR 330 and the switch matrix 332. The system controller212 can control communication between the dSMR 330 and the opticaltransceivers via the switch matrix 332.

Normalizing Signals Communicated Via the DAS

The system controller 212 can normalize the power of signals traversingthe downlink path 14 and the uplink path 16 using one or more of theconditioning module 204, the attenuators 324 a-d and the attenuators 222a, 222 b included in the sector matrix 114. In some aspects, differentsignals may require different power levels and/or noise levels due todifferent capacity requirements for different operators in a givencoverage area or due to differences in the technology used tocommunicate signals via a DAS or other telecommunication system.

FIG. 5 depicts a flow chart illustrating a process 400 for normalizingsignals communicated via a telecommunication system 10 according to oneaspect. The process 400 is described with reference to thetelecommunication system 10 depicted in FIG. 2 and the systemimplementation of the configuration sub-system 13 depicted in FIGS. 3and 4. Other implementations and processes, however, are possible.

In block 410, a test signal is provided to each signal path in thetelecommunication system 10. In some aspects, the configurationsub-system 13 provides the test signal. In other aspects, a base stationin communication with the telecommunication system 10 provides adownlink test signal that can be used for normalization. The test signalcan traverse each signal path between a base station router 112 and aremote antenna unit 120. In a downlink direction, the test signalgenerator 206 can provide a test signal to the downlink path 14 at thebase station router 112. In an uplink direction, the test signalgenerator 314 can provide a test signal to the uplink path 16 at theremote antenna unit 120.

In block 420, the configuration sub-system 13 measures the power and/orsignal level of the test signal at two or more measurement points in thesignal path. In a downlink direction, the power measurement device 302can measure the power of the test signal at the input of the opticaltransceiver 118 and the power measurement device 308 can measure thepower of the test signal at the output of the power amplifier of theremote antenna unit 120. In an uplink direction, the power measurementdevice 302 can measure the signal level of the test signal and/or thenoise level at the output of the optical transceiver 118 and the powermeasurement device 214 can measure the signal level of the test signaland/or the noise level at the input of the base station router 112.

In block 430, the configuration sub-system 13 adjusts the gain of eachsignal path to normalize signals traversing each signal path based onthe power measurements at the two or more measurement points. The systemcontroller 212 can determine at which points in the respective signalpaths to adjust the gain.

In some aspects, normalizing the signals can include balancing the powerlevels of downlink signals communicated via one or more downlink paths.For example, in a downlink direction, the system controller 212 canreceive the power measurements from power measurement devices 302, 308to determine the signal power loss in the downlink path 14. The systemcontroller 212 can provide control signals to the processors 208, 220,310 via the controller interfaces 210, 218, 312. The control signals cancause the processors 208, 220, 310 to adjust the gain of the basestation router 112, the sector matrix 114, and/or the remote antennaunit 120 via the conditioning module 204 and/or the attenuators 222 a,224 a, 324 c, respectively.

In other aspects, normalizing the signals can include balancing noiselevels of uplink signals communicated via uplink paths. For example, inan uplink direction, the system controller 212 can receive the powermeasurements from power measurement devices 214, 302 to determine thenoise levels at the measurement points in the uplink path 16. The systemcontroller 212 can provide control signals to processors 208, 304 viacontroller interfaces 210, 306. The control signals can cause theprocessors 208, 304 to adjust the uplink gain of base station router 112and/or the optical transceiver 118 via the conditioning module 204and/or the attenuator 324 b, respectively. The uplink gain of basestation router 112 and/or the optical transceiver 118 can be adjusted tobalance the noise level of the uplink signal traversing an uplink path.Balancing the noise level of the uplink signal can include preventingnoise in the uplink signal from corrupting other uplink signals fromother uplink paths. Corrupting an uplink signal can include overdrivingone or more devices of the telecommunication system 10 such thatinformation transmitted via the uplink signal is lost or otherwisedegraded. For example, combining an uplink signal having an excessivenoise level with other uplink signals at a combining device, such as(but not limited to) a summer, can corrupt one or more of the otheruplink signals.

In some aspects, when base stations are providing downlink signals tothe downlink path 14, the configuration sub-system 13 can deactivate thetest signal generator 206 after executing blocks 420 and 430. The systemcontroller 212 can determine the power level of signals provided fromthe base stations. The system controller 212 can cause the base stationrouter 112 to configure the conditioning module 204 to attenuatedownlink signals from one or more of the base stations 12 a-n to a powerlevel specified for the telecommunication system 10.

FIG. 6 depicts a flow chart illustrating an alternative process 500 fornormalizing signals communicated via a telecommunication system 10 a DASaccording to one aspect. The process 500 is described with reference tothe telecommunication system 10 depicted in FIG. 2 and the systemimplementation of the configuration sub-system 13 depicted in FIGS. 3and 4. Other implementations and processes, however, are possible.

In block 510, the configuration sub-system 13 provides test signal fromeach base station router to each downlink path. For example, the systemcontroller 212 can provide a control signal to a processor 208 of a basestation router 112 via a controller interface 210. The control signalcan specify an output power and frequency for the test signal, such as(but not limited to) 11 dBm. The processor 208 can configure the testsignal generator 206 to provide a test signal having the specifiedoutput power and frequency.

In block 520, the configuration sub-system 13 measures the signal powerat an input of one or more optical transceivers and one or more remoteantenna units associated with each base station router. For example, ina downlink direction, the power measurement device 302 can measure thepower of the test signal at the input of the optical transceiver 118 andthe power measurement device 308 can measure the power of the testsignal at the output of the power amplifier and/or at the antenna portof the remote antenna unit 120.

In block 530, the configuration sub-system 13 modifies the attenuationof the sector matrix 114 based on a power imbalance between base stationrouters associated with a common coverage zone. For example, the systemcontroller 212 can provide a control signal to a processor 220 of thesector matrix 114 via the controller interface 218. The processor 220can configure the attenuators 222 a, 222 b based on the control message.

In block 540, the configuration sub-system 13 modifies the attenuationof one or more base station routers based on the input power of theoptical transceivers associated with each base station router. Forexample, the system controller 212 can provide a control signal to aprocessor 208 of a base station router 112 via a controller interface210. The processor 220 can configure the conditioning module 204 basedon the control message.

In block 550, the configuration sub-system 13 modifies the signal gainof one or more remote antenna units based on a predetermined outputpower for the one or more remote antenna units. For example, the systemcontroller 212 can provide a control signal to a processor 310 of aremote antenna unit 120 via a controller interface 312. The processor310 can configure one or more of the attenuators 324 c, 324 d based onthe control message.

In block 560, the configuration sub-system 13 compensates for anyimbalance in one or more cables connecting base stations 12 a-n to basestation routers 112 a-n. For example, the configuration sub-system 13can compensate for any imbalance by configuring the conditioning module204 by providing a control signal to a processor 208 of a base stationrouter 112 via a controller interface 210. The control signal canspecify an amount of gain adjustment or attenuation for uplink signalsand/or downlink signals communicated via the base station router 12. Theprocessor 208 can configure the conditioning module 204 based on thecontrol signal.

Network Schematic Generation

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system cangenerate a network schematic for the telecommunication system 10. FIG. 7depicts a block diagram of a system controller 212 for generating thenetwork schematic. The system controller 212 can include a processor 602that can execute code stored on a computer-readable medium, such as amemory 604, to cause the system controller 212 to generate the networkschematic. Examples of processor 602 include a microprocessor, a PIC, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), a field-programmablegate array (“FPGA”), or other suitable processor. The processor 602 mayinclude one processor or any number of processors.

The processor 602 can access code stored in memory 604 via a bus 606.The memory 604 may be any non-transitory computer-readable mediumcapable of tangibly embodying code and can include electronic, magnetic,or optical devices. Examples of memory 604 include random access memory(“RAM”), read-only memory (“ROM”), magnetic disk, an ASIC, a configuredprocessor, or other storage device. Although FIG. 7 depicts the memory604 as included in the system controller 212, the memory 604 canadditionally or alternatively be accessed from a remote location ordevice by the system controller 212. The bus 606 may be any devicecapable of transferring data between components of the system controller212. The bus 606 can include one device or multiple devices.

Instructions can be stored in memory 604 as executable code. Theinstructions can include processor-specific instructions generated by acompiler and/or an interpreter from code written in any suitablecomputer-programming language, such as C, C++, C #, Visual Basic, Java,Python, Perl, JavaScript, and ActionScript.

The instructions can include a schematic generation engine 610. Theprocessor 602 can execute the schematic generation engine 610 to causethe system controller 212 to generate a network schematic for thetelecommunication system 10, as explained in more detail below withrespect to FIG. 8. The system controller 212 can receive inputs throughinput/output (“I/O”) interface 608 and store the inputs in memory 604. Anon-limiting example of such inputs is a user-defined network schematicidentifying the desired components and signal paths of thetelecommunication system 10. The schematic generation engine 610 canalso generate outputs, such as (but not limited to) the networkschematic. The outputs can be provided to a display device (notpictured) via the I/O interface 608.

This exemplary system configuration is provided to illustrateconfigurations of certain aspects. Other configurations may of course beutilized.

FIG. 8 depicts a flow chart illustrating a process 700 for generating aschematic diagram of a DAS using an identification signal provided by abase station router 112. The process 700 is described with reference tothe telecommunication system 10 depicted in FIG. 2, the systemimplementation of the configuration sub-system 13 depicted in FIGS. 3and 4 and the system implementation of the system controller 212depicted in FIG. 7. Other implementations and processes, however, arepossible.

In block 710, the configuration sub-system 13 provides an identificationsignal to each signal path of the telecommunication system 10. Thesystem controller 212 can configure a signal identification module, suchas a signal identification module 216 of a base station router 112 or asignal identification module 305 of an optical transceiver 118, togenerate the identification signals. In some aspects, the configurationsub-system 13 can provide an identification signal to each downlinkpath. In other aspects, the configuration sub-system 13 can provide anidentification signal to each uplink path. In other aspects, theconfiguration sub-system 13 can provide identification signals to acombination of uplink paths and downlink paths. Each identificationsignal can identify a device from which the identification signaloriginated. For example, an identification signal provided to a downlinkpath can identify base station router 112 from which the identificationsignal originated. In some aspects, the base station router 112 cangenerate the identification signal and combine the identification signalwith a downlink signal from a base station. The processor 208 can selecta frequency for the identification signal. The identification signal canbe a tone having a low frequency, such as 1-5 kHz. In other aspects, thebase station router 112 can combine the identification signal with atest signal from test signal generator 206.

In block 720, the configuration sub-system 13 receives a report fromeach component in the downlink path indicating receipt of theidentification signal. At an optical transceiver 118, the processor 304can decode the identification signal and communicate receipt of theidentification signal to the system controller 212 via the controllerinterface 306. At a remote antenna unit 120, the processor 310 candecode the identification signal and communicate receipt of theidentification signal to the system controller 212 via the controllerinterface 312. The optical transceiver 118 and the remote antenna unit120 can also communicate a hardware identifier identifying the specificoptical transceiver or remote antenna unit and a time stamp identifyingwhen the identification signal was received. The processor 602 of thesystem controller 212 can receive data from each component via the I/Ointerface 608, such as (but not limited to) a report of receiving theidentification signal, a hardware identifier identifying a component,and/or the time stamp identifying when the identification signal wasreceived.

In additional or alternative aspects, the identification signal maycease traversing a signal path at master side input to an opticaltransceiver. Detailed information on components and a list of remoteantenna units can be stored and/or collected by a processor 310 of eachremote antenna unit 120. The processor 310 of each remote antenna unit120 can report the information on the components and the list of remoteantenna units to the system controller 212 via the controller interface312.

In block 730, the configuration sub-system 13 generates a networkschematic based on the reports from each component identifying allcomponents of the downlink path and the connections between therespective components. The processor 602 of the system controller 212can execute the schematic generation engine 610 to generate the networkschematic. The schematic generation engine 610 can determine, based ondata received via the I/O interface 608, which components received theidentification signal and the order in which the identification signalwas received by each component. The schematic generation engine 610 cangenerate a list of components mapping connections between components anda network schematic visually depicting the components the connectionsbetween the components.

In additional or alternative aspects, the configuration sub-system 13can use the generated network schematic to identify faults in thetelecommunication system 10. In some aspects, the system controller 212can receive as input a user-defined network schematic identifying thedesired components and signal paths of the telecommunication system 10.For example, the user-defined network schematic can be received via theI/O interface 608 and stored to the memory 604. The system controller212 can compare the user-defined network schematic to the networkschematic generated in block 730. The system controller 212 candetermine whether the user-defined network schematic is identical to thenetwork schematic generated in block 730. The system controller 212 canoutput an error message via the I/O interface 608 identifyingdifferences between the network schematics. For example, the errormessage can be displayed at a graphical interface on a display deviceaccessible via the I/O interface 608.

In additional or alternative aspects, the system controller 212 cangenerate a cabling instructional interface from a network schematic. Thesystem controller 212 can output the cabling instructional interface viathe I/O interface 608. The cabling instructional interface can includestep-by-step instructions for installing cables between devices in theDAS or other telecommunication system.

In some aspects, generating the network schematic can includeassociating each component in a signal path with a particularidentification signal. The identification signal and its associatedcomponents can be correlated with a specific operator, frequency band,technology, sector, and coverage area. The system controller 212 can usethe correlation to distribute relevant alarms to a specific operator.The system controller 212 can also use the correlation to indicateaffected services and coverage area caused by an alarm. The systemcontroller can 212 also use the correlation to reconfigure remoteantenna units surrounding an affected coverage area to mitigate the lossof service identified by the alarm.

In additional or alternative aspects, the sector matrix 114 and/or thezone combiners 116 a, 116 b can include automated switching functions.Including automated switching functions can allow for effective reuse ofavailable base stations 12 a-n. Automated switching can be performedbased on external triggers received via an input/output (I″/O″)interface, a schedule, an alarm conditions detected for thetelecommunication system 10 (e.g., a base station power has ceased), andthe like. Multiple configurations for the telecommunication system 10can be stored on the memory 604. The system controller 212 can configurethe telecommunication system based on the triggers. For example, a firstconfiguration can be used for providing signal coverage from basestations 12 a-n to an office during working hours. A secondconfiguration can be used for providing signal coverage from basestations 12 a-n to public venues during non-working hours.

PIM Testing

The configuration sub-system 13 can measure passive intermodulation(“PIM”) products in the telecommunication system 10. In some aspects,the test signal generator 206 can provide two test signals to thedownlink path 14. In other aspects, the test signal generator 314 canprovide two test signals to the uplink path 16. In some aspects, a testsignal generator in a base station router 112 can provide two testsignals to the downlink path 14. The frequencies of the test signals canbe selected such that the mixing of the signals generates one or morePIM products at frequencies in the uplink frequency bands. In otheraspects, the test signal generators from each of two base stationrouters can provide a test signal to the downlink path 14 to simulatedifferent combinations of PIM products at frequencies in differentfrequency bands. The power measurement devices 214, 302, 308 can detectand measure the power of PIM products generated in either the downlinkpath 14 or the uplink path 16.

In additional or alternative aspects, an additional device to theoptical transceivers 118 a-d, such as a digital signal generator andmeasurement receiver 330, can provide the two test signals to thedownlink path 14 and/or the uplink path 16 at the inputs of one or moreof the optical transceivers 118 a-d. The digital signal measurementreceiver can include a continuous wave generator, a demodulationfunction, and a decoding function.

Minimizing Signal Coverage Overlap Between Sectors

The configuration sub-system 13 can minimize the overlap in signalcoverage (i.e., the “soft handover area”) between sectors in a coveragezone. The test signal generator 314 can transmit, via a non-directionalprobe (not shown) in each remote antenna unit 120, a test signal at atest frequency which is unused or which is outside the frequency bandused to transmit other signals in the coverage area. The overlap insignal coverage between adjacent remote antenna units can be determinedby measuring the received signal strength of the test signal at adjacentremote antenna units. The received signal strength can be measured ateach remote antenna unit 120 using the power measurement device 308, viaa non-directional probe (not shown). The system controller 212 canreceive the power measurements from the remote antenna units andconfigure the remote antenna units to adjust their respective outputpowers based on an algorithm to minimize the overlap in signal coverage.In some aspects, signal coverage overlap can be minimized by manuallyaligning coverage antennas. The coverage antennas can be aligned basedon power measurements from the power measurement devices of theconfiguration sub-system 13. In other aspects, signal coverage overlapcan be minimized by automatically aligning active coverage antennas,such as smart beamwidth antennas or motorized antennas.

The foregoing description, including illustrated examples, of theinvention has been presented only for the purpose of illustration anddescription and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications,adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in theart without departing from the scope of this invention. Aspects andfeatures from each example disclosed can be combined with any otherexample.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for a distributed antenna system, thedevice comprising: a downlink signal path configured to becommunicatively coupled to a base station, receive a downlink servicesignal sourced from the base station, to adjust a signal gain of thedownlink service signal, and to output the gain-adjusted downlinkservice signal; a test signal generator integrated into the devicecomprising the downlink signal path configured to receive the downlinkservice signal sourced from the base station and to adjust the signalgain of the downlink service signal, wherein the test signal generatoris configured to selectively provide a test signal to the downlinksignal path; and a power measurement device integrated into the devicecomprising the downlink signal path configured to receive the downlinkservice signal sourced from the base station and to adjust the signalgain of the downlink service signal, the power measurement device beingconfigured to measure a power of the test signal at a measurement pointin the downlink signal path of the device.
 2. The device of claim 1,wherein the device comprises one of a point of interface (POI) system, abase station router, or a sector matrix.
 3. The device of claim 1,wherein the device is configured to provide, to a controller, themeasurement of the power of the test signal at the measurement point inthe downlink signal path of the device; and wherein the controller isone of included in the device and external to the device.
 4. The deviceof claim 1, wherein the device is configured to deactivate the testsignal generator when the downlink service signal is being communicatedvia the downlink signal path.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein thedevice is configured to adjust the signal gain of the downlink servicesignal in the downlink signal path of the device based on the power ofthe test signal measured at the measurement point in the downlink signalpath of the device.
 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising: anuplink signal path configured to receive an uplink service signal, toadjust a signal gain of the uplink service signal, and to output thegain-adjusted uplink service signal to the base station; and an uplinkpower measurement device integrated into the device, the uplink powermeasurement device being configured to measure an uplink power of anuplink test signal at an uplink measurement point in the uplink signalpath of the device.
 7. The device of claim 6, further comprising: aplurality of uplink signal paths, each of which is configured to receivea respective uplink service signal, to adjust a respective signal gainof the respective uplink service signal, and to output the respectivegain-adjusted uplink service signal to a respective base station; and aplurality of uplink power measurement devices, each of which isintegrated into the device, each uplink power measurement device beingconfigured to measure a respective uplink power of a respective uplinktest signal at a respective uplink measurement point in the respectiveuplink signal path of the device.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein thedevice is configured to output the gain-adjusted downlink service signalto at least one optical transceiver of the distributed antenna system.9. The device of claim 1, wherein the downlink signal path is configuredto receive the downlink service signal sourced from the base station viaa repeater.
 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a pluralityof downlink signal paths, each of which is configured to receive arespective downlink service signal sourced from a respective basestation, to adjust a respective signal gain of the respective downlinkservice signal, and to output the respective gain-adjusted downlinkservice signal; and a plurality of power measurement devices, each ofwhich is integrated into the device, each power measurement device beingconfigured to measure a respective power of a respective test signal ata respective measurement point in the respective downlink signal path ofthe device.
 11. A method performed by a device associated with adistributed antenna system, the device comprising a downlink signal pathconfigured to receive a downlink service signal sourced from a basestation, to adjust a signal gain of the downlink service signal, and tooutput the gain-adjusted downlink service signal, the method comprising:selectively providing a test signal to the downlink signal path of thedevice from a test signal generator integrated into the devicecomprising the downlink signal path configured to receive the downlinkservice signal sourced from the base station and to adjust the signalgain of the downlink service signal, wherein the downlink signal path isconfigured to be communicatively coupled to the base station; andmeasuring a power of the test signal at a measurement point in thedownlink signal path of the device using a power measurement deviceintegrated into the device comprising the downlink signal pathconfigured to receive the downlink service signal sourced from the basestation and to adjust the signal gain of the downlink service signal.12. The method of claim 11, wherein the device comprises one of a pointof interface (POI) system, a base station router, or a sector matrix.13. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing, to acontroller, the measurement of the power of the test signal at themeasurement point in the downlink signal path of the device; and whereinthe controller is one of internal to the device and external to thedevice.
 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising adjusting thesignal gain of the downlink service signal in the downlink signal pathof the device based on the power of the test signal measured at themeasurement point in the downlink signal path of the device.
 15. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the device further comprises an uplinksignal path configured to receive an uplink service signal, to adjust asignal gain of the uplink service signal, and to output thegain-adjusted uplink service signal to the base station; and wherein themethod further comprises measuring an uplink power of an uplink testsignal at an uplink measurement point in the uplink signal path of thedevice using an uplink power measurement device integrated into thedevice.
 16. A remote antenna unit for a distributed antenna system, theremote antenna unit comprising: an uplink signal path configured toreceive an uplink service signal from at least one antenna associatedwith the remote antenna unit, to adjust a signal gain of the uplinkservice signal, and to output the gain-adjusted uplink service signalfor communicating to a base station via the distributed antenna system;a test signal generator integrated into the remote antenna unitcomprising the uplink signal path configured to receive the uplinkservice signal from at least one antenna associated with the remoteantenna unit and to adjust the signal gain of the uplink service signal,wherein the test signal generator is positioned outside the uplinksignal path and configured to selectively provide a test signal to theuplink signal path; and a power measurement device integrated into theremote antenna unit comprising the uplink signal path configured toreceive the uplink service signal from at least one antenna associatedwith the remote antenna unit and to adjust the signal gain of the uplinkservice signal, the power measurement device being configured to measurea power of the test signal at a measurement point in the uplink signalpath of the remote antenna unit.
 17. The remote antenna unit of claim16, wherein the remote antenna unit is configured to provide, to acontroller, the measurement of the power of the test signal at themeasurement point in the uplink signal path of the remote antenna unit;and wherein the controller is one of included in the remote antenna unitand external to the remote antenna unit.
 18. The remote antenna unit ofclaim 16, wherein the remote antenna unit is configured to adjust thesignal gain of the uplink service signal in the uplink signal path ofthe remote antenna unit based on the power of the test signal measuredat the measurement point in the uplink signal path of the remote antennaunit.
 19. The remote antenna unit of claim 16, further comprising: adownlink signal path configured to receive a downlink service signalsourced from a base station, to adjust a signal gain of the downlinkservice signal, and to output the gain-adjusted downlink service signalfor radiation from at least one antenna associated with the remoteantenna unit; and a downlink power measurement device integrated intothe remote antenna unit, the downlink power measurement device beingconfigured to measure a downlink power of a downlink test signal at adownlink measurement point in the downlink signal path of the remoteantenna unit.
 20. The remote antenna unit of claim 16, furthercomprising: a plurality of downlink signal paths, each of which isconfigured to receive a respective downlink service signal, to adjust arespective signal gain of the respective downlink service signal, and tooutput the respective gain-adjusted downlink service signal forradiation from a respective at least one antenna associated with theremote antenna unit; and a plurality of downlink power measurementdevices, each of which is integrated into the remote antenna unit, eachdownlink power measurement device being configured to measure arespective downlink power of a respective downlink test signal at arespective downlink measurement point in the respective downlink signalpath of the remote antenna unit.
 21. The remote antenna unit of claim16, further comprising: a plurality of uplink signal paths, each ofwhich is configured to receive a respective uplink service signal, toadjust a respective signal gain of the respective uplink service signal,and to output the respective gain-adjusted uplink service signal forcommunicating to a respective base station via the distributed antennasystem; and a plurality of power measurement devices, each of which isintegrated into the remote antenna unit, each power measurement devicebeing configured to measure a respective power of a respective testsignal at a respective measurement point in the respective uplink signalpath of the remote antenna unit.
 22. A method performed in a remoteantenna unit of a distributed antenna system, the remote antenna unitcomprising an uplink signal path configured to receive an uplink servicesignal from at least one antenna associated with the remote antennaunit, to adjust a signal gain of the uplink service signal, and tooutput the gain-adjusted uplink service signal for communicating to abase station via the distributed antenna system, the method comprising:selectively providing a test signal to the uplink signal path from atest signal generator integrated into the remote antenna unit comprisingthe uplink signal path configured to receive the uplink service signalfrom at least one antenna associated with the remote antenna unit and toadjust the signal gain of the uplink service signal, wherein the testsignal generator is positioned outside the uplink signal path; andmeasuring a power of the test signal at a measurement point in theuplink signal path of the remote antenna unit using a power measurementdevice integrated into the remote antenna unit comprising the uplinksignal path configured to receive the uplink service signal from atleast one antenna associated with the remote antenna unit and to adjustthe signal gain of the uplink service signal.
 23. The method of claim22, further comprising providing, to a controller, the measurement ofthe power of the test signal at the measurement point in the uplinksignal path of the remote antenna unit; and wherein the controller isone of included in the remote antenna unit and external to the remoteantenna unit.
 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising adjustingthe signal gain of the uplink service signal in the uplink signal pathof the remote antenna unit based on the power of the test signalmeasured at the measurement point in the uplink signal path of theremote antenna unit.
 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the remoteantenna unit further comprises a downlink signal path configured toreceive a downlink service signal sourced from a base station, to adjusta signal gain of the downlink service signal, and to output thegain-adjusted downlink service signal for radiation from at least oneantenna associated with the remote antenna unit; and wherein the methodfurther comprises selectively measuring a power of a second test signalat a downlink measurement point in the downlink signal path of theremote antenna unit using a downlink power measurement device integratedinto the remote antenna unit.